The low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller, based on the AVR® enhanced RISC architecture, features 16 KB self-programming flash program memory, 1 KB SRAM, 512B EEPROM, 8-channel 10-bit A/D-converter, and JTAG interface for on-chip-debug. The device achieves 16 MIPS throughput at 16 MHz and 2.7-5.5 V operation. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega169P achieves throughputs approaching one MIPS per MHz, balancing power consumption and processing speed.