The Texas Instruments BQ41Z90 is a fully integrated pack-based battery pack manager solution, that provides a flash programmable CPU, safety protection, and elliptical curve cryptography (ECC) authentication for 3 to 16 cells in series Li-ion, LiFeP4, NiMH, and Li-polymer battery packs. The BQ41Z90 battery pack manager communicates through SMBus v3.2 or I2C-compatible interfaces, and combines an ultra-low-power, high-speed 32-bit processor, high-accuracy analog measurement capabilities, integrated flash memory, an array of peripheral IO, an NMOS protection FET drive, and a SHA-1, SHA-2, or EC-KCDSA authentication responder into a complete, high-performance battery management solution.