The INA188 is a precision instrumentation amplifier that uses TI proprietary auto-zeroing techniques to achieve low offset voltage, near-zero offset and gain drift, excellent linearity, and exceptionally low-noise density (12 nV/√Hz) that extends down to dc. The INA188 is optimized to provide excellent common-mode rejection of greater than 104 dB (G ≥ 10). Superior common-mode and supply rejection supports high-resolution, precise measurement applications. The versatile three op-amp design offers a rail-to-rail output, low-voltage operation from a 4-V single supply as well as dual supplies up to ±18 V, and a wide, high-impedance input range. These specifications make this device ideal for universal signal measurement and sensor conditioning (such as temperature or bridge applications). A single external resistor sets any gain from 1 to 1000. The INA188 is designed to use an industry-standard gain equation: G = 1 + (50 kΩ / RG). The reference pin can be used for level-shifting in single-supply operation or for an offset calibration. The INA188 is specified over the temperature range of –40°C to +125°C .