The high-performance, low-power Microchip 8-bit AVR® RISC-based microcontroller combines 256 KB ISP flash memory, 8 KB SRAM, 4 KB EEPROM, 86 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, real-time counter, six flexible timer/counters with compare modes, PWM, four USARTs, byte-oriented Two-Wire serial interface, 16-channel 10-bit A/D converter, and a JTAG interface for on-chip debugging. The device achieves a throughput of 16 MIPS at 16 MHz and operates between 4.5-5.5 volts. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the device achieves a throughput approaching one MIPS per MHz, balancing power consumption and processing speed.