I²C 1-cell 5A buck battery charger with USB Type-C® detection

The BQ25630 is a

highly-integrated 5A switch-mode battery charge management and system

power path management device for single cell Li-Ion and Li-polymer batteries.

The design is highly integrated with built-in current sensing, loop compensation, input

reverse-blocking FET (Q1), switching FETs (Q2 and Q3), and battery FET (Q4) between system

and battery. The device integrates a USB Type-C controller

with Dual-Role Power with Try.SNK and Try.SRC support. The BQ25630

uses NVDC power path management, regulating the system slightly above the battery voltage

without dropping below a configurable minimum system voltage. The low impedance power path

optimizes efficiency, reduces battery charging time and extends battery life during

discharging phase, and the ultra-low 0.15µA ship mode current extends battery shelf

life.

The BQ25630 supports a wide range

of input sources, including standard USB host port, USB charging port, USB-C adapters, and

USB compliant high voltage adapters. The device

integrates a USB Type-C controller (CC1/CC2) with USB-C Detection up to 15W and sets the

current limit according to the detection result. The

device supports Dual-Role Power with Try.SNK and Try.SRC.

The device also includes BC1.2 detection using the

built-in D+/D- USB adapter detection interface. The BQ25630 is

compliant with USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 power specifications for input current and voltage

regulation. In addition, the Input Current Optimizer (ICO) supports the detection of maximum

power point of the input source without overload. The device also meets USB On-the-Go (OTG) operation power

rating specification with constant current limit up to 3.2A.

The power path management regulates the system

slightly above battery voltage but does not drop below the programmable minimum system

voltage. With this feature, the system maintains operation even when the battery is

completely depleted or removed. When the input current limit or input voltage limit is

reached, the power path management automatically reduces the charge current. If the system

load continues to increase, the power path discharges the battery until the system power

requirement is met. This supplement mode prevents overloading the input source.

The device initiates and completes a charging

cycle without host control. By sensing the battery voltage, the device charges the battery in four

different phases: trickle charge, pre-charge, constant current (CC) charge and constant

voltage (CV) charge. At the end of the charging cycle, the charger automatically terminates

when the charge current is below a preset threshold and the battery voltage is higher than

the recharge threshold. Termination is supported for TS pin COOL, PRECOOL, NORMAL, WARM and

PREWARM temperature zones. When the full battery voltage falls below the programmable

recharge threshold, the charger automatically starts a new charging cycle.

The charger provides various safety features for

battery charging and system operations, including battery negative temperature coefficient

(NTC) thermistor monitoring, charging safety timer and overvoltage and overcurrent

protections. The thermal regulation reduces charge current when the junction temperature

exceeds the programmable threshold. Other safety features include

battery temperature sensing for charge mode and OTG boost mode, thermal shutdown and input

UVLO and over-voltage protection. The device also has an integrated liquid detection and

corrosion mitigation feature to protect against port corrosion from moisture. The PG output indicates if a good

power source is present and above the programmable PGTH value. The

INT output immediately notifies the host when a fault occurs or

status changes.

The device also provides a 12-bit

analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for monitoring charge current and input/battery/system

(VBUS, BAT, SYS, TS) voltages. The QON pin provides BATFET enable

and reset control to exit ship mode and standby mode or initiate a full system reset.

BQ25630 is available in a

30-ball, 2.3mm × 2.4mm DSBGA package.